3.OA.7: Fluently Multiply and Divide Within 100

Visual Models to Use

• Fact Families - Show how multiplication and division facts are related. Example: 3 × 4 = 12, 4 × 3 = 12, 12 ÷ 3 = 4, 12 ÷ 4 = 3
• Arrays - Arrange objects in rows and columns to visualize multiplication facts. Example: A 6 × 7 array shows 6 rows with 7 objects in each row
• Number Lines - Use jumps on a number line to show repeated addition (multiplication) or repeated subtraction (division)
• Area Models - Draw rectangles with dimensions representing the factors to show their product as the area

Everyday Activities

1. Multiplication War

Play with a deck of cards (face cards = 10, aces = 1). Each player flips two cards and multiplies them. The player with the higher product wins all four cards. Continue until one player has all the cards.

2. Grocery Store Math

At the store, ask your child to calculate the total cost of multiple identical items. "If one box of cereal costs $4, how much will 3 boxes cost?" Or work backward: "If 6 juice boxes cost $9, how much does each juice box cost?"

3. Skip Counting Hopscotch

Create a hopscotch grid where your child must skip count by a certain number (by 3s, 4s, 6s, etc.) as they hop. This reinforces multiplication patterns.

4. Fact Family Houses

Draw a house shape and write a multiplication fact family inside (e.g., 6 × 8 = 48, 8 × 6 = 48, 48 ÷ 6 = 8, 48 ÷ 8 = 6). Create multiple houses to display around your home.

Strategies When Your Child Struggles

1. Use Fact Families

If your child knows 3 × 4 = 12, remind them they also know 4 × 3 = 12, 12 ÷ 3 = 4, and 12 ÷ 4 = 3. This reduces the number of facts they need to memorize.

2. Focus on Patterns

Help your child notice patterns in multiplication tables:

• Multiplying by 2 is doubling
• Multiplying by 5 ends in 0 or 5
• Multiplying by 9: the digits add up to 9
• Multiplying by 10: add a zero

3. Break Down Harder Facts

For harder facts like 7 × 8, break them down into easier facts:

7 × 8 = 7 × 4 × 2 = 28 × 2 = 56

Or: 7 × 8 = 5 × 8 + 2 × 8 = 40 + 16 = 56

4. Use Known Facts

If your child knows 5 × 6 = 30, they can use that to figure out 6 × 6 = 30 + 6 = 36.

5-Minute Practice Activities

1. Flash Card Sprint

Use flash cards for a quick 5-minute practice session. Focus on the facts your child finds most challenging.

2. Fact of the Day

Choose one fact family to focus on each day. Practice it at different times throughout the day (breakfast, after school, bedtime).

3. Beat the Clock

Give your child 20 multiplication or division facts to solve. Time how long it takes, then challenge them to beat their time the next day.

4. Missing Factor Game

Write equations with missing factors (□ × 7 = 42 or 54 ÷ □ = 6) and have your child fill in the blanks.

Mid-Year Expectations

By the middle of third grade, your child should be able to:

• Quickly recall multiplication facts for 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10
• Use strategies to solve other multiplication facts within 100
• Understand the relationship between multiplication and division
• Solve simple division problems using known multiplication facts
• Explain their thinking when solving multiplication and division problems

End-of-Year Expectations

By the end of third grade, your child should be able to:

• Fluently multiply and divide within 100 using various strategies
• Recall from memory all products of two one-digit numbers
• Quickly solve division problems related to multiplication facts
• Apply multiplication and division facts to solve problems
• Choose efficient strategies based on the numbers involved

Mastery Signs

Your child has mastered this standard when they can:

• Automatically recall multiplication facts without counting or using fingers
• Solve multiplication and division problems within 3-5 seconds
• Flexibly use different strategies when needed
• Explain the relationship between multiplication and division
• Apply fact knowledge to solve more complex problems
• Self-correct when they make errors

Below Grade Level

For students who need additional support with basic multiplication and division facts.

Download Practice Worksheet

At Grade Level

For students who are working at the expected level for this standard.

Download Grade Level Worksheet

Above Grade Level

For students who have mastered basic facts and are ready for more challenging applications.

Download Challenge Worksheet